Journal: The World Allergy Organization Journal

Article Title: Solitary chemosensory cells amplify eosinophilic inflammation via PAR-2 activation in house dust mite-sensitized allergic rhinitis

doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101336

Figure Lengend Snippet: Aberrant SCC and goblet cell hyperplasia phenotype in nasal mucosa from patients with HDM-AR (A). POU2F3, DCAMKL1 and MUC5AC mRNA levels in nasal swab specimens from normal control (NC) (n = 17) and HDM-AR (n = 17) donors. (B–C). POU2F3 and MUC5AC proteins were detected and analyzed in total nasal mucosal cells obtained by nasal swabs from NC (n = 17) and HDM-AR (n = 17) donors (scale bar = 50 μm). (D). Release of IL-25 protein in nasal secretions from NC (n = 15) and HDM-AR (n = 15) donors. Data are presented as medians with interquartile ranges. The Mann-Whitney U test was used in (A – D)

Article Snippet: Human IL-25 protein levels in nasal secretions and supernatants for hNECs collected from the apical chambers of the ALI culture system were measured with an ELISA kit (BosterBio, Pleasanton, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Control, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: The World Allergy Organization Journal

Article Title: Solitary chemosensory cells amplify eosinophilic inflammation via PAR-2 activation in house dust mite-sensitized allergic rhinitis

doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101336

Figure Lengend Snippet: Derp induces SCC expansion and IL-25 overproduction in cultured hNECs. (A). POU2F3, DCAMKL1 and MUC5AC mRNA levels were detected in Derp and NT group of hNECs. (B–C). POU2F3 and MUC5AC proteins were detected and compared in hNECs from the Derp group and NT group by immunofluorescence staining (scale bar = 50 μm). (D – E). POU2F3, DCAMKL1 and IL-25 proteins were detected and compared in hNECs from the Derp and NT group by Western blot analysis. (F). Release of IL-25 protein in hNEC supernatants from the Derp and NT group. The experiments were performed in hNECs from 3 different donors. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The paired Student t-test was performed in (A) , (E) and (F) ; the unpaired Student t-test was used for comparison analysis in (C)

Article Snippet: Human IL-25 protein levels in nasal secretions and supernatants for hNECs collected from the apical chambers of the ALI culture system were measured with an ELISA kit (BosterBio, Pleasanton, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot, Comparison

Journal: The World Allergy Organization Journal

Article Title: Solitary chemosensory cells amplify eosinophilic inflammation via PAR-2 activation in house dust mite-sensitized allergic rhinitis

doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101336

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-25 triggers mucin production in hNECs and promoted the expression of IL-25 receptors in eosinophils in hNMCs. (A – B). MUC5AC protein was detected and anaylzed in human recombinant IL-25 protein -treated hNECs (n = 3) versus NT group (n = 3) by immunofluorescence staining (scale bar = 50 μm). (C). Proportion of CD45 + CD16 − Siglec-8 + IL-17RA + IL-17RB + eosinophils in human IL-25-treated hNMCs (n = 5) or NT group (n = 5) measured by flow cytometry. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The unpaired Student t-test was performed in (B) . The paired Student t-test was used in (C) . ns, not significant

Article Snippet: Human IL-25 protein levels in nasal secretions and supernatants for hNECs collected from the apical chambers of the ALI culture system were measured with an ELISA kit (BosterBio, Pleasanton, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Recombinant, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: The World Allergy Organization Journal

Article Title: Solitary chemosensory cells amplify eosinophilic inflammation via PAR-2 activation in house dust mite-sensitized allergic rhinitis

doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101336

Figure Lengend Snippet: Derp promotes SCC expansion and mucin overproduction in hNECs in a PAR-2-dependent way. (A). PAR-2 mRNA level in Derp-treated and nontreated (NT) hNECs. (B). PAR-2 protein was analyzed in hNECs from Derp group versus NT group by Western-blot analysis. (C). POU2F3, DCAMKL1 and MUC5AC mRNA levels in NT, Derp-treated and Derp + AZ3451 (AZ)-treated hNECs. (D). POU2F3 and MUC5AC proteins detected and compared in hNECs from NT, Derp and Derp + AZ groups by immunofluorescence staining (scale bar = 50 μm). (E – F). POU2F3, DCAMKL1 and IL-25 proteins were detected and compared in hNECs from NT, Derp and Derp + AZ groups by Western-blot analysis. (G). Release of IL-25 protein in hNEC supernatants from NT, Derp and Derp + AZ groups. The experiments were performed in hNECs from 3 different donors. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The paired Student t-test was performed in (A) , (B) , (C) , (F) and (G) ; the unpaired Student t-test was used in (D) . ns, not significant

Article Snippet: Human IL-25 protein levels in nasal secretions and supernatants for hNECs collected from the apical chambers of the ALI culture system were measured with an ELISA kit (BosterBio, Pleasanton, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: The World Allergy Organization Journal

Article Title: Solitary chemosensory cells amplify eosinophilic inflammation via PAR-2 activation in house dust mite-sensitized allergic rhinitis

doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2026.101336

Figure Lengend Snippet: HDM stimulated the secretion of IL-25 and promoted the expression of IL-25 receptors in eosinophils in hNMCs. (A). Release of IL-25 protein was detected by ELISA assay in hNMC supernatants from NT (n = 5), Derp (n = 5) and Derp + AZ (n = 5) groups. (B). Proportion of CD45 + CD16 − Siglec-8 + IL-17RA + IL-17RB + eosinophils in hNMCs from NT (n = 5), Derp (n = 5) and Derp + AZ (n = 5) groups by flow cytometry. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The paired Student t-test was used in (A) and (B) . ns, not significant

Article Snippet: Human IL-25 protein levels in nasal secretions and supernatants for hNECs collected from the apical chambers of the ALI culture system were measured with an ELISA kit (BosterBio, Pleasanton, CA, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: PD-L1 mediates M1 polarization of macrophages via the AIM2/IL-18/STAT1 signaling axis during sepsis

doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02578-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: PD-L1 expression positively correlates with proinflammatory markers in M1-polarized macrophages. (A-C) PD-L1-overexpressing (PD-L1 HI ) and control (PD-L1 NC ) THP-1-M cells were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) + IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) for 12 h followed by RNA sequencing. A Heatmap of inflammatory gene expression in PD-L1 HI vs. PD-L1 NC cells. B MA plot showing differential gene expression between PD-L1 HI and PD-L1 NC cells. C TPM expression values of IL-6, IL-27 and NOS2. D - E PD-L1 HI and PD-L1 NC cells were stimulated with LPS + IFN-γ for 24 h. ( n = 3 independent biological replicates) ( D ) qRT-PCR analysis of IL-6, IL-27 and NOS2 mRNA levels ( n = 3 independent biological replicates). E ELISA for IL-6/IL-27 and Griess reagent assay for NO in supernatants ( n = 3 independent biological replicates). (F-G) PD-L1-knockout THP-1-M (PD-L1 KO /THP-1-M) and PD-L1 NC /THP-1-M were stimulated with LPS + IFN-γ for 24 h. F qRT-PCR analysis of IL-6, IL-27 and NOS2 mRNA levels ( n = 3 independent biological replicates). G ELISA and Griess reagent detection of IL-6/IL-27 proteins and NO in supernatants ( n = 3 independent biological replicates). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis for C, D, E, F and G was performed by Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: IL-27, IL-6, IL-18, and IFN-γ concentrations in cell supernatants or plasma were quantified using ELISA kits (Boster Biological Technology; Wuhan, China) with absorbance measurements at 450 nm.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, RNA Sequencing, Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Knock-Out

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: PD-L1 mediates M1 polarization of macrophages via the AIM2/IL-18/STAT1 signaling axis during sepsis

doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02578-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Triple-verification strategy (gene silencing/antibody neutralization/site-directed mutagenesis) confirms regulatory hierarchy of PD-L1/AIM2/IL-18/STAT1 signaling axis in macrophage M1 polarization. A PD-L1 HI /THP-1-M and PD-L1 NC /THP-1-M cells were pretreated with AIM2-targeting siRNA or scramble siRNA (scr siRNA) prior to 24 h LPS (100 ng/ml) + IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) co-stimulation, with subsequent Western blotting analysis of STAT1 phosphorylation. B - C Anti-IL-18 neutralizing antibody (1 µg/ml) and isotype control (1 µg/ml) were pretreated for 24 h followed by LPS + IFN-γ 24 h co-stimulation. B qRT-PCR quantification of IFN-γ mRNA ( n = 3 independent biological replicates). C STAT1 phosphorylation profiling by Western blotting. D Truncation mutant validation: LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated (24 h) PD-L1 Δ35–90 cells analyzed for STAT1 activation vs. full length type. E Following AIM2 silencing in PD-L1 HI /THP-1-M and PD-L1 NC /THP-1-M cells, qRT-PCR quantification of IL-6, IL-27 and NOS2 mRNA after 24 h LPS + IFN-γ stimulation ( n = 3 independent biological replicates). F Post IL-18 neutralization, mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-27 and NOS2 were assessed by qRT-PCR under LPS + IFN-γ 24 h stimulation ( n = 3 independent biological replicates). G STAT1-silenced cells were analyzed for IL-6/IL-27/NOS2 transcriptional changes post 24 h LPS + IFN-γ exposure ( n = 3 independent biological replicates). H Truncated PD-L1 Δ35–90 mutants were evaluated for IL-6, IL-27 and NOS2 mRNA expression following LPS + IFN-γ 24 h challenge ( n = 3 independent biological replicates). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis for B, E, F, G and H was performed by Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: IL-27, IL-6, IL-18, and IFN-γ concentrations in cell supernatants or plasma were quantified using ELISA kits (Boster Biological Technology; Wuhan, China) with absorbance measurements at 450 nm.

Techniques: Neutralization, Mutagenesis, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery, Activation Assay, Expressing

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: PD-L1 mediates M1 polarization of macrophages via the AIM2/IL-18/STAT1 signaling axis during sepsis

doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02578-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: PD-L1 knockout reduces septic mortality dampens systemic inflammation and alleviates vital organ (cardiac/hepatic/renal) injury in murine models. A PD-L1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were subjected to CLP followed by survival monitoring, inflammatory marker assessment, and multi-organ functional evaluation. B Survival rates of PD-L1 WT and PD-L1 KO mice at indicated time points post-CLP ( n = 15 mice per group). Results were compared by log-rank test. C mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-27, and NOS2 in monocytes analyzed by qRT-PCR at 24 h post-CLP ( n = 3 mice per group). D Serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-27 proteins measured by ELISA, and NO levels determined by Griess assay at 24 h post-CLP ( n = 3 mice per group). E Serum biomarkers of organ function including ALT and AST for hepatic injury, BUN for renal dysfunction, and cTnI for cardiac damage at 24 h post-CLP ( n = 3 mice per group). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis for C, D and E was performed by Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: IL-27, IL-6, IL-18, and IFN-γ concentrations in cell supernatants or plasma were quantified using ELISA kits (Boster Biological Technology; Wuhan, China) with absorbance measurements at 450 nm.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Marker, Functional Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Griess Assay